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Zoning
Zoning is a legal and regulatory framework used by municipalities or other levels of government to divide land into distinct areas, or "zones," each with specific rules governing how the land can be used and developed. These rules typically address:
- Land Use: Specifies what activities are permitted in each zone, such as residential, commercial, industrial, or mixed uses.
- Building Regulations: Controls aspects like building height, size, shape, density, and placement on the lot.
- Lot Size and Subdivision: Dictates how land can be subdivided and the minimum or maximum size of lots.
- Compatibility and Safety: Ensures that land uses are compatible and that public health, safety, and welfare are protected.
Zoning ordinances are enforced by local authorities and are designed to guide orderly urban growth, prevent incompatible land uses, and maintain community standards. Zoning is distinct from nuisance law, as it is preventative and sets standards for future development, rather than addressing existing uses after harm has occurred.
Most zoning systems include procedures for granting variances or exceptions to the rules, typically due to unique circumstances affecting a particular property.