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California's Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act (Penal Code 502)
https://legiswiki.com/en/p/10301/californias-comprehensive-computer-data-access-and-fraud-act-penal-code-502
California’s Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act, codified as Penal Code § 502, is a broad statute designed to protect individuals, businesses, and government agencies from unauthorized access, tampering, interference, or damage to computer data and systems. Key Provisions Scope of Pr...
Unauthorized Access to Computer Systems Under California Penal Code 502
https://legiswiki.com/en/p/10296/unauthorized-access-to-computer-systems-under-california-penal-code-502
California Penal Code Section 502 (PC 502) addresses unauthorized access to computer systems and data, commonly known as hacking. Under this law, it is a crime to knowingly access a computer, computer system, network, or data without permission from the owner and to alter, damage, delete, destroy, o...
Legal Defenses Against Claims of Unauthorized Code Use
https://legiswiki.com/en/p/10300/legal-defenses-against-claims-of-unauthorized-code-use
Legal defenses against claims of unauthorized code use—particularly under federal law in the United States—are grounded in statutory requirements and case law. Below are the primary legal defenses that may be raised in response to such allegations: Key Legal Defenses 1. Lack of Intent Explanation:...
How consent obtained under false pretenses relates to extortion charges
https://legiswiki.com/en/p/10005/how-consent-obtained-under-false-pretenses-relates-to-extortion-charges
Consent obtained under false pretenses relates to extortion charges primarily through the element of coercion or deception used to obtain property or benefits from a victim. False pretenses involve obtaining title or possession of another's property by knowingly making false representations with the...
Copyright Infringement and Software Code
https://legiswiki.com/en/p/10294/copyright-infringement-and-software-code
Copyright infringement involving software code occurs when someone uses, distributes, or modifies copyrighted software without permission from the copyright holder. Here's a comprehensive overview of the key aspects related to software copyright infringement: What is Software Copyright? Software co...
Forensic Analysis in Intellectual Property Cases
https://legiswiki.com/en/p/10302/forensic-analysis-in-intellectual-property-cases
Forensic analysis in intellectual property (IP) cases involves specialized techniques to investigate, preserve, and present evidence related to IP infringement, theft, or misappropriation. It plays a critical role in both civil and criminal proceedings by establishing facts about unauthorized use, c...

Computer Fraud

What is Computer Fraud?

Computer fraud involves the use of computers or the Internet to commit illegal activities, typically for personal or financial gain. It encompasses a wide range of criminal activities, including unauthorized data access, identity theft, and manipulation of digital information to deceive or exploit others.

Common Forms of Computer Fraud

  1. Unauthorized Access: This includes hacking into computer systems or networks without permission to steal sensitive information or disrupt operations.
  2. Identity Theft: Using computers to intercept personal data, such as passwords or credit card information, to commit identity theft.
  3. Data Manipulation: Altering or deleting stored data, or rewriting software codes to access financial systems illegally.
  4. Computer Tampering: Illegally accessing a computer to destroy or alter data, which can lead to significant financial losses.

Legal Framework

In the United States, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) is a key federal law that addresses computer fraud. It prohibits unauthorized access to protected computers, which are defined as those used in interstate or foreign commerce, effectively covering most computers with Internet access. The CFAA also covers computer espionage, trespassing, and the distribution of malicious code.

State Laws

States like New York and Louisiana have their own laws regarding computer fraud. In New York, computer fraud is associated with white-collar crimes such as identity theft and embezzlement, while Louisiana defines it as accessing or causing to be accessed any computer system without authorization.

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