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Financial Documentation
Financial documentation refers to a set of formal records that detail the financial activities and position of a business or entity. These documents provide structured, standardized information about a company's income, expenses, assets, liabilities, equity, and cash flows, offering a clear picture of its financial health and performance.
The core types of financial documents, often called financial statements, include:
- Balance Sheet: Shows a snapshot of a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time, reflecting its overall financial position.
- Income Statement: Details revenues, expenses, and profits or losses over a defined period, indicating operational performance.
- Cash Flow Statement: Reports cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities during a period, highlighting liquidity and cash management.
- Statement of Changes in Equity (or Statement of Retained Earnings): Tracks changes in owners' equity over time, including retained earnings and other equity movements.
These documents are essential for internal management, investors, creditors, and other stakeholders to assess business sustainability, make informed decisions, and comply with accounting standards such as GAAP or IFRS.
In summary, financial documentation is the collection of standardized reports that communicate a business’s financial status and performance clearly and systematically.