Collaborative Problem-solving

Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) is a method of addressing problems by working together as a team rather than individually. It involves joint intellectual effort to find solutions, fostering a team atmosphere and encouraging creative thinking. This approach is often more effective than solitary problem-solving because it leverages diverse perspectives and skills to reach the best resolution.

CPS is used in various contexts, including business, education, and public policy. It typically involves multiple stages or steps, such as clarifying the problem, analyzing issues, generating and evaluating options, and reaching consensus on a plan of action. For example, the Collaborative Leaders Network developed a nine-stage process that includes clarifying intentions, background inquiry, process design, group launch, issue analysis, option generation, strategy evaluation, documentation, and executive review.

In educational settings, CPS is an evidence-based, trauma-informed practice that helps students, especially those with social, emotional, or behavioral challenges, by focusing on skill-building rather than control or punishment. It promotes understanding that behavioral issues often stem from skill deficits in problem-solving, flexibility, and frustration tolerance. This approach builds skills, reduces concerning behavior, and strengthens relationships between students and educators.

In public policy and complex disputes, CPS is a systematic approach that brings together people with differing views to find shared, workable solutions. It often involves facilitated dialogues, mediation, and joint fact-finding, aiming for long-term, sustainable resolutions while strengthening relationships and understanding among parties.

Key features of collaborative problem-solving include:

• Working jointly to solve problems
• Encouraging creative and diverse input
• Building consensus and commitment to solutions
• Developing skills such as flexibility, frustration tolerance, and problem-solving
• Fostering positive relationships among participants
• Being adaptable to different contexts, from business to education to public policy

Overall, CPS is a structured, inclusive, and skill-building approach that emphasizes cooperation and mutual understanding to effectively resolve complex problems.