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Civil Lawsuit
A civil lawsuit is a legal proceeding initiated by one party (the plaintiff) against another party (the defendant) to resolve disputes involving injury, wrongdoing, or failure to fulfill a legal obligation. Unlike criminal cases, civil lawsuits typically involve private disputes over rights and responsibilities, such as breach of contract, personal injury, property disputes, or family law matters like divorce.
Key characteristics of a civil lawsuit include:
- The plaintiff files a complaint alleging that the defendant caused harm or failed to meet a legal duty.
- The defendant responds with an answer disputing the claims.
- The court manages the case through scheduling, discovery (exchange of evidence), and motions.
- The case may be resolved by a judge or jury who decides whether the defendant is liable.
- Remedies often involve monetary compensation (damages), injunctions, or court orders rather than criminal penalties.
Civil lawsuits are common in many areas of law, including contract disputes, negligence claims, eviction cases, and family law. They focus on compensating the injured party or enforcing legal rights rather than punishing wrongdoing as in criminal law.
In summary, a civil lawsuit is a private legal action to hold someone accountable for harm or breach of duty, seeking remedies like damages or specific performance through the court system.